Type 1 Diabetes Epidemiology Revisited
Parents of children with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes invariably want to know whytheir children developed diabetes. On many occasions, several newly diagnosed patients actually live in the same neighborhoods, prompting families to wonder if there is something in the environment responsible for causing diabetes. At present the working theory is that Type 1 diabetes is caused by a combination of two factors. (1) A genetic predisposition or risk (low, moderate, high) for the possibility of the development of Type 1 diabetes that is located in HLA region of chromosome six and (2) a trigger that causes the killer T cells to attack the beta islet cells of the pancreas. We currently believe that infections (i.e. mumps, rubella, coxsackie b virus, and influenza) are one type of trigger based on extensive, evidence-based research.
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According to the authors, this pattern of occurrence is consistent with the involvement of exogenous agents, such as infection, that may demonstrate epidemicity. The control, influenza infection, was also noted to demonstrate temporal clustering at levels of months, quarters of a year, and flu seasons. Several referenced studies have reported “seasonality” in dates of diagnosis of pediatric Type 1 diabetes, noting peaks in October to January and valleys in June to August for Diabetes Centers in the Northern Hemisphere.
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